Arapaima are huge freshwater fish native to the Amazon River in Brazil and can reach lengths of more than 2 m and weigh up to 200 kg. "Everybody for 160 years had been saying there's only one kind of arapaima. But we know now there are various species, including some not previously recognised," said Dr Donald Stewart of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF), who made the discovery.